Aging and Disability Worksheet - 1334 Words

Associate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Loss of loved ones 2. Mobility 3. Discrimination due to age Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is prejudice against a group who is of old age and discriminated against solely based on their age. This group is usually men and women whose age is 40 or older. It has a great influence today. Society at times views older men and women as a liabilities and or incompetent to perform tasks that younger individuals can perform accordingly†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Is the number of aging population expected to rise in numbers or decrease? Yes, it is expected to increase and this is also due to the fact of the baby boomer era. The population grew drastically between the years of 1946-1964, due to the rapid growth and the large numbers born during that time, it is said that by 2030, 46% of the population will be 65 or older. By taking these numbers into consideration that makes one in five people will be of old age by 2030 †¢ What types of legislation may or may not be affected by the aging population? One of the biggest issues that will be affected is Social Security benefits and medical care for everyone. Today twelve percent of the total population is age 65older; by 2080 it will be up to 23%. However at the same time the working-age is shrinking every year, right now the working-age it is 60% and it is believed to drop to 45% by 2080. Social Security is experiencing low work-to-beneficiary ratio which will fall from 3.3 percent in 2005 to two percent in 2040. That is the year that is believed to be when the Social Security trust fund will have been exhausted. Due to this there will be significant challenges that policymakers and all future Americans. Because of that policymakers are now encouraging many to delay retirement and some people are even suggesting that retirement benefits be lowered the main reason for the suggestion is people are living longer than they used to. †¢ How doesShow MoreRelatedAging and Disability Worksheet1910 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Associate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Health Issues 2. Income and Economic Welfare 3. Neglect and Abuse Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is a form of discrimination and prejudice, particularly experienced by seniors. Most seniorsRead MoreEssay Aging and Disability Worksheet1522 Words   |  7 PagesAging and Disability Worksheet Part 1 Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population 1. Health 2. Job security 3. Lack of respect from the younger youth 1. What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is a negative bias against a person or group of people on the grounds of age. Ageism or age discrimination is stereotyping against individuals or groups because of their age. It is usually focused on two targets: young adults and olderRead MoreAging and Disability Worksheet Part I Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesAssociate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Ageism 2. Social isolation 3. Retirement Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is a form of discrimination. Ageism is being prejudice against someone because of their age. NormallyRead MoreDiversity Worksheet1946 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Appendix I Aging and Disability Worksheet University of Phoenix ETH/125 Rob Fralick February 23, 2014 Associate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1 Health 2 Income 3 Lonliness Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is prejudice and discriminationRead MoreEssay on Eth125 R8 Disability Diversity1763 Words   |  8 PagesAssociate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Lack of security for the future (social security dwindling) 2. Unable to afford being able to retire 3. Being alone Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is prejudice or discriminationRead MoreHotel/Motel Market Analysis 23903 Words   |  16 Pagessoftware for developing hotel and motel financial projections are available through University of Wisconsin-Extension Center for Community Economic Development. Conducting Your Analysis The sections that follow include data collection checklists and worksheets. While the section on projecting occupancy and average room rate should be the final step, the other sections can be completed in any order. Remember that your efforts in studying the market will provide you with information to make better,Read MoreDaily Physical Activity Can Improve Exercise Tolerance And Functional Capacity5823 Words   |  24 Pagestest for evidence-based practice. Introduction Over six million American’s have a diagnosis of heart failure with a projected 670,000 new cases per year (Braunwald, 2012). People over the age of 70 carry the greatest burden of chronic disease, disability, and health care use (Guralnik, Leveielle, Hirsch, Ferrucci, Fried, 1997). Participation in physical activity is crucial for health, and walking accounts for much of the physical activity undertaken by sedentary individuals and those with chronicRead MoreEvaluating The Viability Of A Business Idea By Providing An Overview4953 Words   |  20 Pagesfirst five years, Stacy’s Helping Hand plans to operate in the Central Valley. The store, located in central Porterville, serves the different neighboring cities and counties. The target market is those requiring special assistance, because of disabilities or age preventing them from doing everyday living tasks. Why Stacy’s Helping Hand for Special Needs? The aisles at many stores, especially Wal-Mart, constantly cluttered and located too close together, making it difficult for consumers to shopRead MoreContent Analysis of Focus Group Data7519 Words   |  31 Pagesself through change. Focus group research is established as a method for gaining in-depth understanding of the perceptions of individuals within a group. In this format, individual participants share their perceptions of everyday phenomena such as aging, emergencies, sports events, or interventions (Hu, Rao, Hu, SC Sur, 2007; Jones, Richeson, Croteau, Farmer, 2009). Morgan (1996) describes the advantage of focus group research as the learning that is achieved through moderated group interactionRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagestechnology or health care. The increase in the technology jobs is due to the rapid increase in the use of information technology, such as databases, system design and analysis, and desktop publishing. The health care jobs are growing as a result of the aging of the U.S. population and workforce, a factor discussed later. Chapter 1 Changing Nature of Human Resource Management 5 FIGURE 1—1 The 10 Occupations with the Fastest Employment Growth, 1996—2006 Numbers in Thousands of Jobs Occupation Database

The Effects of Classical Music on Individual - 3091 Words

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research paper is made possible through the help and support from everyone, including: parents, teachers, family, friends, and in essence, all sentient beings. Especially, please allow me to dedicate my acknowledgment of gratitude toward the following significant advisors and contributors: First and foremost, I would like to thank Kamal Vai who is the lead guitarist of the band Aurthohin and one of the most renowned musician of our country for his support and encouragement. He gave me numerous valuable information and admiration to my research. And my course instructor for giving me guidelines and supports through the research. Secondly, I would like to thank my friends Zahid Neloy, Nahid Islam and Nahian Mahmud†¦show more content†¦The effects of classical music can vary from person to person. There is a term called The Mozart Effect which refers to effects on the pregnant woman and the newborn baby. Classical music improves cognitive ability which has positive impact on both young and old. However, it is commonly agreed that music has a profound effect on mood, spatial intelligence, memory and language. This is why in the west it is used as background music in some schools. BACKGROUND Studies suggest that listening to classical music decreases tension and improves mood (Rea et al., 2010). Research also indicates that playing music enhances specific aspects of intelligence such as verbal ability and spatial-temporal reasoning, though it does not increase general intelligence. Classical Music and Linguistic Abilities A number of research studies have supported the fact that classical music can have a positive effect on linguistic abilities. One study found that those who listened to Vivaldi while exercising increased their scores on verbal fluency tests after their workouts compared to those who exercised without music (Ohio State University, 2004). Another study of 90 boys in Hong Kong between the ages of 6 and 15 found that those who learned to play music with their school’s string orchestra program scored higher on tests of verbal memory than a control group that did not receive musical training. The boys in the music groupShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Rock And Classical Music On The Heart Rate Of Grade 11 Girls1253 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Knowing how music affects heart rate can allow athletes to choose the correct music to make them more motivated and energized during their training sessions enhancing their performance and improving their competitive results; in addition knowledge of what genre of music could decrease their performance and times is equally important (Roth, 2013). It is important to know if the music has the ability soothe ill patients in hospitals as it may reduce their heart rate to in turn reduceRead MoreMusic Makes Children Smarter : Music Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesMusic Makes Children Smarter Music in many ways. has a potential to allure an individual, especially children, to improve their intellect, when involved in music. Schools and organizations had researched and estimated that schools with music curriculum, have more graduation and successful rates than school that do not doesn’t have music subjects. Universities have concluded that a specific part of our brain had a major role that can progress to become intellectual when exposed to classical musicRead MoreClassical Music And The Music1478 Words   |  6 Pagesattention of everyone in the music hall. The conductor, Evan Feldman, and the UNC Symphonic and Woodwind Orchestra at Memorial Hall elegantly performed several classical pieces that was widely enjoyed by classical enthusiasts and family members. The concert supplied the audience with a night that at times, brought calmness and serenity, but at others gave abrupt aggression and force. Today, classical music is considered traditional and one of the ear liest forms of music played in concert halls. ThusRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On The Brain And Body1638 Words   |  7 PagesVarious studies have shown different effects of music on the brain and body. According to the results of a study published in Neuroscience Letters, listening to a piece of music interpreted as happy or sad can make a person perceive a neutral face as either happy or sad. PET scans have been performed on a variety of people, some scans focusing on a person’s brain activity while listening to a piece of music, and some scans focusing on a person’s brain activity while playing a musical instrument.Read MoreMusic: the Medicine of the Mind784 Words   |  4 PagesMusic can have effects on the human brain that are hard to exaggerate. For instance, a mere snippet of song can trigger one’s memories so vividly. A tune can induce emotions ranging from unabashed joy to deep sorrow and can drive listeners into states of patriotic fervour or religi ous frenzy--to say nothing of its legendary ability to soothe the savage beast. The study of how music affects the mind and the interconnection between music and the physical and mental health of human beings has been aRead MoreMusic Is A Magical Piece Of History879 Words   |  4 Pages Music is a magical piece of history, and has changed throughout history with the changing of generations. As culture changes music changes as well. Artists have found a way to use music, art, and fashion throughout history as a way to convey feelings of love, sadness, frustration, and death. Musicians find a way to move their listeners with the sounds they hear. With every rise and fall of a note and change in melody or tempo, listeners find themselves holding their breath or possibly wiping awayRead MoreMusic And Its Effect On Music1490 Words   |  6 PagesMusic Itself Does Not Distract You Music is prevalent, so that it is extremely easy to find a place or situation with music played on. Not only does people enjoy music when they dance or sing, throw parties, but also they enjoy music when they drive, study or work. In other words, people live with music and music is an everyday thing. They, contrarily, think that the pieces of music are distractors when they need to concentrate on their works. This is why, especially, most of parents and teachersRead MoreRomanticism in Music Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesRomanticism in Music Romantic: of, characterized by, or suggestive of an idealised, sentimental, or fantastic view of reality#8230; concerned more with feeling and emotion than with form and aesthetic qualities. The Concise Oxford Dictionary, Eighth edition, 1991. The term romantic first appeared at sometime during the latter half of the 18th Century, meaning in quite literal English, romance-like, usually referring to the character of mythical medieval romances. The first significantRead MoreShort Note On Short Term Memory Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagesattention when needed; a visuospatial sketchpad, which allows individuals to store visualized images; an episodic buffer, where working memory components are temporarily stored up until retrieval; and a phonological loop, the process of repeating information by practicing either verbally or cognitively. In Woo and Kanachi’s study (2005), university students in Japan were asked to memorize a given list of words and were either placed into a no music group, where the participants had to memorize as manyRead MoreAp Statistics Report: What Music Does to Memory1109 Words   |  5 PagesWhat Music Does to Memory... By: Denellea McIntosh and Nichole Pierce AP Statistics Period 1 Purpose Music, one of the many factors that enhance our lives, has been a widely ranged field. From Classical music to Hip Hop, there are listeners of all ages, each having their own preference of music. Through research, it has been discovered that memory can be affected by many different factors, including music. Music has been found to stimulate parts of the brain, alleviating stress and depression

Relationships Perceptions Organizational -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Relationships Perceptions Organizational? Answer: Introducation The author helps in understanding the usage of the external interventions such as different systems of command and economic incentives decreases the intrinsic motivation of the employees. According to Mikkelsen, Jacobsen and Andersen (2017), the internal reward system has to be such that this will help in making the individuals being more competitive in nature. The definition of intrinsic motivation has been explained wherein it is internal form of motivation and the employees strive towards personal kind of satisfaction along with accomplishment. The objective of the article is to understand that that the perception of the employees is essential in nature as to gain competitive advantage.The article helped in analyzing along with exploring the different connections between perceptions of the individuals, different enforcement actions of the different managers in different organizations. There are different examples on employee motivation that is based on intrinsic factors and that a re essential in nature for making the employees perform in an effective manner. The main factor that has been considered in the respective article is related to the perception of employees in different organizations in an effective manner. The paper helps in making the readers understand about the impact of intrinsic motivation on the performance of employees. It has been mentioned that the perception of individuals is essential to motivate themselves in an effective and effluent manner. Porter, T.H., Riesenmy, K.D. and Fields, D., 2016. Work environment and employee motivation to lead: Moderating effects of personal characteristics.American Journal of Business,31(2), pp.66-84. The main concept that has been discussed in the respective article is related to the key challenges faced by different organizations. The article helps in identification of the different consideration that will help the employee to motivate and lead in the organization. Furthermore, there have been different researches that have been conducted that included different personality along with different leadership experiences. According to Porter, Riesenmy and Fields (2016), there has been a different assessment of employees that have been analyzed that plays a substantial role in the determination of motivation of employees that will help them to lead the company. The main aim of the paper was to discuss the different issues related to human resource practices. The design or the methodology that has been used in the article is related to the exploration of the role of assessment of the employees along with determinants of three kinds of MTL. The main impact of the culture of the organiz ation along with assessment of employees has been investigated in the paper. The hierarchical multiple analysis of regression has been used in the testing of the respective hypothesis. The main ideas were related to development of leadership along with engagement of employees. The concept related to motivation to lead has been analyzed in the article along with analysis of the performance of the employees.Boukas, N., 2014. Segmenting youth tourists to cultural heritage destinations: motivational determinants and experiential characteristics. International Journal of Leisure and Tourism Marketing, 4(1), pp.63-89. The basis of the article helps in analyzing the different motivational determinants that are required in the workplace. According to Boukas (2014), the focus is on the performance of the different employees in the organizations along with the different motivational factors that are considered in the workplace for increasing the productivity of the employees. The paper contributes in analyzing the literature with the help of the evidence that provides a causal link between the different satisfactions and needs of the employees. The main objective of the article is to analyze the importance of motivation on the performance of the organization along with employees. It has been stated that the job performance of the different employees in the organization is dependent on the motivational factors that has impact on the tasks performed by them. It has been discussed in the article that the productivity increases in the organization wherein there is implementation of different motivational factors. The employee motivation is essential in nature as this is vital for the entire business and help in achieving the business goals (Boukas 2014). The motivational factors help in achieving the higher level of output for the organization and this helps in evaluating the performance of employees. Datta, Y., 2014. Maslows hierarchy of basic needs: An ecological view. Oxford Journal: An International Journal of Business Economics, 8(1). The paper helps in examining along with building on the positive theory on motivation that is based on the hierarchy needs of motivation. A detailed explanation of the different needs has been done in relation to providing motivation to the individuals has been analyzed in the respective article. In the paper, it has been explained that theory of Maslow has link with satisfying private along with public needs. Furthermore, transcendent needs have been added in the pinnacle of the basic requirements that has been stated in Maslows hierarchy theory.The respective paper helps in analyzing the ecological view of the basic needs that has been involved in it. According to Datta (2014), it has been seen that huge significance has been provided to the transcendent needs that will help the organization in analyzing the difference between the needs of individuals and group needs. It has been seen that the need theory of Maslow focuses on the individuals and not overall objectives of the team. The article provides a view on self-actualization process along with needs that provides safety, self-esteem and physiological needs. Lastly, it can be seen that the article discusses the positive theory of different needs of individuals. The article helps in analyzing the different kind of private relationships with family, friends and relatives. The importance of different kind of severe challenges has been identified regarding the transcendent needs of the different individuals along with motivational factors that are essential to be provided to employees for generating huge productivity. Hur, Y., 2017. Testing Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory of Motivation in the Public Sector: Is it Applicable to Public Managers?.Public Organization Review, pp.1-15. The main purpose of the article was to identify the hypothesis testing that has been done on Herzbergs theory of motivation and hygiene. The article and the entire study have conducted with the help of the different public and private sector employees. A comparison analysis has been done between the public and private sector employees as this will help in comparing the hygiene and motivation factors. The methodology that has been used in this particular case is related to the comparison analysis along with hypothesis test. The technique that has been used is t-test and it was computed in order to test the formulated hypothesis in an effective manner. The analysis was conducted in order to determine the significant differences that were revealed between groups of employees. The results of the particular analysis were related to the motivational factors that are required to motivate the employees by providing job enrichment and security in the job. Both intrinsic along with extrinsic f actors are considered in the article that is compared with both hygiene and motivational factors. According to Hur (2017), the article has provided more focus on the hygiene or extrinsic factors that are significant in nature in the different private sectors. The satisfaction among the different employees has been discussed in the article. Purvis, R.L., Zagenczyk, T.J. and McCray, G.E., 2015. What's in it for me? Using expectancy theory and climate to explain stakeholder participation, its direction and intensity. International Journal of Project Management, 33(1), pp.3-14. The article helps in describing the importance of the expectancy value model that helps in offering influential models for understanding the concept of motivation. However, one of the main aspects has been missed out in the article that has been largely ignored in the empirical research. The three elements of expectancy theory have been explained in the article that included the valence, instrumentality and expectancy theory. The careful attention was analyzed in order to operationalize the dimensions of the cost in different contexts of motivation. The different concept that has been described in the article is related to cost, expectancy model, scale development and measurement of the participation of stakeholders. According to Purvis et al. (2015), the article helps in explaining the process through which the behavior of individuals is influenced in a manner along with value components. The methodology that has been used in the research about expectancy theory is confirmatory fact or analysis and correlational study. In the entire literature, the analysis of the different value components has been discussed that includes implications of the motivational concepts in the organizations. The main objective of the study is to analyze the different dimensions of motivation that include study of the motivational factors that is necessary in nature. Lawter, L., Kopelman, R.E. and Prottas, D.J., 2015. McGregor's theory X/Y and job performance: A multilevel, multi-source analysis. Journal of Managerial Issues, 27(1-4), p.84. The main idea of the respective article is relating to the X and Y theory that has been proposed by McGregor. Lawter, Kopelman and Prottas (2015), commented that the X and Y approaches are different from one another wherein X kind of individuals are the ones who are not interested to work on their own and they are dissatisfied with the job that are performed by them. On the other hand, an analysis has been done for Y approach wherein employees are self-motivated and they perform their tasks in an effective manner. The article explains about importance of the motivational factors that requires to be provided to the employees. The different motivational approaches has been analyzed with different other theories that helps in understanding the motivational factors. The objective of the article is to investigate and explain the X and Y approach in such a manner that this analyzed the behavior of the individuals in an effective manner. The theories have been explained it in the article al ong with comparison with the X and Y theory of McGregor. Lastly, the managerial issues have been analyzed in the respective article that includes differences in the approaches in multi source analysis that included idea on the perceptions of individuals. Olafsen, A.H., Halvari, H., Forest, J. and Deci, E.L., 2015. Show them the money? The role of pay, managerial need support, and justice in a self?determination theory model of intrinsic work motivation. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 56(4), pp.447-457. The entire paper helps in analyzing the performance of the employees in the respective organization. The analysis has been done on the relationship between the job security and equal treatment of employees in different organizations. The paper helps in understanding about the growth, relatedness and existence needs that is required by individuals. The significance of motivation is essential and is explained with proper methods. According to Olafsen et al. (2015), the research methodology process were data surveys, proper data analysis has been done. The questionnaire was prepared in order to understand the different views of the individuals who were interviewed and provided answers. The paper helps in explaining that significance of motivation on the performance of employees. It has been explained that equal treatment of employees is essential in nature as good working conditions is required to be provided as to increase growth and existence needs. It has been investigated that organ izations should be willing to provide intrinsic motivation to the employees as to generate huge productivity. The description has been provided in the article that is related to the quality of working life along with different intrinsic motivational techniques. The priority analysis has been done in the article that explains the relationship between the individuals in the workplace. Yen, W.W., 2015. Relationships among perceptions of organizational politics (POPs), work motivation and salesperson performance. Journal of Management Organization, 21(2), pp.203-216. According to Yen (2015), the article helps in explaining the different organizational politics and work motivation provided in different organizations. The difference between salesperson and office employees has been described along with perceptions of politics in organization. The expectancy theory has been analyzed in the article wherein the objective is to provide extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to the individuals in the workplace. The methodology that has been used in the article is based on providing different questionnaires to the employees in different organizations. The motivational approach has been analyzed in different approaches they are aware of and they use in the respective organizations as well. The survey was conducted in such a manner that helped in understanding the performance of the employees. Furthermore, a separate survey was conducted for the salesperson and the relationship was analyzed in such a manner that this helped in understanding the negative along with positive comments in the motivational approach. The three hypotheses have been conducted and the responses have been analyzed from the different employees and salesperson. The impact of the hypotheses is done as this helps in analyzing the effect of motivation on the different employees. Lastly, the inconsistency in the motivational approach has been described in the article that included the performance of both employees and sales person. Barrick, M.R., Thurgood, G.R., Smith, T.A. and Courtright, S.H., 2015. Collective organizational engagement: Linking motivational antecedents, strategic implementation, and firm performance. Academy of Management Journal, 58(1), pp.111-135. The article talks about the comprehensive organizational commitment that is required in different companies for making employees perform better. The proper linkage between the different antecedents of motivation along with strategic implementation has been done. The evaluation of different practices related to organizational commitments is described in an effective manner. The different analysis that is related to enhancing the objectives of the organization has been analyzed in such a manner that this will help in motivating the employees in the organization. The different perceptions has been analyzed in the article with the objective of understanding antecedents of motivation required for enhancing effects of organizational engagement. Furthermore, there has been analysis of different theories of motivation has been described in such a manner that has provided evidence that collective organizational engagement for improving the performance. According to Barrick (2015), the strateg ic implementation has been analyzed in such a manner that this helped us in understanding the different strategy of different firms in an effective manner. The resource management model has been explained in the article that helps in maximizing the implementing and monitoring the progress. Lastly, the value of top management has been explained in such a manner that helps in evaluating the grounded notion that has been explained. References Barrick, M.R., Thurgood, G.R., Smith, T.A. and Courtright, S.H., 2015. Collective organizational engagement: Linking motivational antecedents, strategic implementation, and firm performance. Academy of Management Journal, 58(1), pp.111-135. Boukas, N., 2014. Segmenting youth tourists to cultural heritage destinations: motivational determinants and experiential characteristics. International Journal of Leisure and Tourism Marketing, 4(1), pp.63-89. Datta, Y., 2014. Maslows hierarchy of basic needs: An ecological view. Oxford Journal: An International Journal of Business Economics, 8(1). Hur, Y., 2017. Testing Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory of Motivation in the Public Sector: Is it Applicable to Public Managers?.Public Organization Review, pp.1-15. Lawter, L., Kopelman, R.E. and Prottas, D.J., 2015. McGregor's theory X/Y and job performance: A multilevel, multi-source analysis. Journal of Managerial Issues, 27(1-4), p.84. Mikkelsen, M.F., Jacobsen, C.B. and Andersen, L.B., 2017. Managing employee motivation: Exploring the connections between managers enforcement actions, employee perceptions, and employee intrinsic motivation. International Public Management Journal, 20(2), pp.183-205. Olafsen, A.H., Halvari, H., Forest, J. and Deci, E.L., 2015. Show them the money? The role of pay, managerial need support, and justice in a self?determination theory model of intrinsic work motivation. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 56(4), pp.447-457. Porter, T.H., Riesenmy, K.D. and Fields, D., 2016. Work environment and employee motivation to lead: Moderating effects of personal characteristics.American Journal of Business,31(2), pp.66-84. Purvis, R.L., Zagenczyk, T.J. and McCray, G.E., 2015. What's in it for me? Using expectancy theory and climate to explain stakeholder participation, its direction and intensity. International Journal of Project Management, 33(1), pp.3-14. Yen, W.W., 2015. Relationships among perceptions of organizational politics (POPs), work motivation and salesperson performance. Journal of Management Organization, 21(2), pp.203-216.

What methods does Shakespeare employ Essay Example For Students

What methods does Shakespeare employ? Essay What methods does Shakespeare employ to engage interest of the audience in the Prologue and Act 1, scenes 1, 2 and 3 in Romeo and Juliet? Romeo and Juliet is a romantic tragedy set in the great city of Verona in Italy. The play concerns two noble but feuding families, the Montagues and the Capulets. Their feud has become so intense in the time of the play that bloody brawls are fought in the usually quiet and peaceful streets of Verona. These brawls involve even the servants of the rival families who cannot pass each other in the street without drawing swords! Within these two families are the two title characters that fall deeply in love which other. Romeo of the Montagues is a young man who is unable to get over his last love, Rosaline. This changes when he sees his love of first sight, Juliet of the Capulets. Juliets parents have plans for her to marry a wealthy young man named Paris, yet Juliet does not love him and has already married Romeo in secret. Romeo is banished from Verona and his plans to unite with Juliet go horribly wrong, ending with the deaths of the two lovers. The play ends with the two families uni ting. We will write a custom essay on What methods does Shakespeare employ? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Throughout the play Shakespeare uses a wide range of dramatic devices to engage the interest of his audience. This was important if only to overcome the physical discomfort for the audience as the theatres in Shakespeares day were far from how they are today and the audiences interest could therefore easily be lost. A story of star-crossed lovers would not have been new to an Elizabethan audience. The tragedy itself was also unusual in that it did not involve heroic figures such as kings and emperors; instead, it involved people in a provincial city. In addition, Shakespeare could not rely on special effects or extra lighting. He therefore had to use changes in language and form that would hold the audiences attention and heighten their expectations for the tragedy to come. Shakespeares originality in using language and form to hold his audience begins with the Prologue which is performed by a chorus. He uses a fourteen line sonnet to describe the two noble houses in Verona and their ongoing feud. A lesser playwright would probably have used prose. The Prologue states that from these two houses, there are two star- crossed lovers, whose story of love and tragedy makes up the two hours traffic of our stage: The which if you with patient ears attend, What here shall miss, out toil shall strive to mend. A Prologue such as this is also a most original and convenient device to introduce the plot to the audience. We are provided, in poetic language, information about where the play takes place, and given some background information about its principal characters. The Prologue does not merely set the scene of Romeo and Juliet; it tells the audience exactly what is going to happen in the play: From forth the fatal loins of these two foes, A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life: The audience is therefore informed that Romeo and Juliet are to die even before the play has begun. This engages the interest of the audience because it is an unusual way to introduce a play, describing the whole story and unveiling the main tragedy before it has actually happened, and it makes the audience watch carefully to see how the play fulfills the expectations set by the Prologue. In addition, Shakespeare uses words such as our and you when referring to the audience, thus indirectly involving them and making them feel part of the play as they are being personally addressed. .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f , .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f .postImageUrl , .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f , .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f:hover , .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f:visited , .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f:active { border:0!important; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f:active , .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7129daeb4374eda0dd1b9236a62fbe4f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Many times a playwright EssayThe variety of theme between each scene creates major contrasts. This is shown in the change from Scene One to Scene Two, Scene One being a comical fight between members of the opposing houses and Scene Two, a passionate discussion on various aspects of love. Contrasts in subject are also shown in the characters dialogues. At the beginning of Scene Two, old lord Capulet and Paris, a young man of wealth and high status who wishes to marry Juliet, Capulets young daughter, are discussing the feud between the Montagues and Capulets. After a short reply from Paris, the subject is suddenly changed from war to love with Paris enquiring: But now my lord, what say you to my suit? Paris is asking what Capulet has to say about his request to marry Juliet. This major contrast from bloody feuding to love is a frequent change throughout the play. The two themes together will bring the play to its final tragedy and dramatic finale when love brings hate to an end. The audience is interested to see how this will happen. The talk of Paris marrying Juliet is the first the audience has heard about a possible union between the two, this acting as another obstruction that Romeo will soon have to pass. However, it seems that Capulet can be a kind hearted man as he realizes Juliets position to choose for herself on whom she marries: But woo her, gentle Paris, get her heart My will to her consent is but a part. But his power to force her into a marriage if he feels it necessary is noticeably present from his general personality. Therefore parental influence in this story becomes a means of fate: Juliets arranged marriage with Paris, and the feud between Capulets and Montagues, will eventually contribute to the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. The means that determinants of their fate are laid in place well before Romeo and Juliet even meet. This is clear to the audience from the Prologue and their knowledge is greater than that of Romeo and Juliets. The audience is therefore interested to see how Paris, Romeo and Juliet, along with the family feuds and social burdens all contribute to the final tragedy. Shakespeare also introduces an unexpected surprise for the audience in Scene Two by declaring Romeos love for Rosaline: One fairer than my love! The all-seeing sun Neer saw her match, since first the world begun. With the play entitled Romeo and Juliet, the audience would automatically expect the play to be based on the events entailed in the love between Romeo and Juliet. The audience would now be interested how Rosaline, a character who has not yet been introduced, fits into the story and helps it to develop. The audience never sees or even hears Rosaline but only knows through Romeos words that she does not require his love. Shakespeare may have purposefully kept her away, making her a mysterious character which would interest the audience to find out more about her and underline what a sincere and passionate lover Romeo is. Shakespeare uses the Clown, a common feature of his plays, to cleverly merge a twist of humor into the developing plot in Scene Two. Capulet is holding an old accustomed feast and he has ordered the Clown to invite the names written on the given list. However the clown faces one clear problem, he cannot read! It is akin to asking a tailor to use a last or a shoemaker to use a yard. The audience would be able to relate to this as many would also be unable to read, Shakespeares plays attracting a wide range of people of different intelligence, wealth and social status. The clown is luckily saved by Romeo who is able to read the list for him. Irony as well as humor is shown here as a clown or servant is there to assist those of need but here, the clown depends on Romeos help. .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 , .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 .postImageUrl , .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 , .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06:hover , .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06:visited , .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06:active { border:0!important; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06:active , .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06 .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua15ac4a911c775b712aea5e872dc7f06:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What impressions do we gain of Oedipus as a king and as a man EssayThree scenes into the play, the audience finally meet the second title character, Juliet. She is with her mother, Lady Capulet and the Nurse who raised Juliet from infancy. Lady Capulet is putting pressure on Juliet to think about Paris as a husband before Juliet has even began to think of marriage at all. There is a humorous interplay between the Nurse and Lady Capulet when they try to work out Juliets age. Juliet gives into the influence and pressure of Lady Capulet and the Nurse who both wish to see Juliet and Paris marry: Ill look to like of looking liking move, But no more deep will I endart mine eye Than your consent gives strength to make it fly The audiences attention would be immediately attracted by this as Juliet has considered marrying Paris despite the audience already knowing that Juliet will soon fall in love with Romeo. This heightens the expectation of the audience to find out what will happen between Romeo and Juliet and what involvement will Paris have. This question is answered in Scene Four at the Capulets party which Romeo, Mercutio and Benvolio of the Montagues attend, uninvited and masked. Shakespeare stretches the suspense of the audience even further as they will be desperate to find what will erupt from the party after already witnessing past battles between the two houses. Shakespeares powers as both a dramatist and poet are further used to heighten the audiences interest in this tragedy of love. The Prologue, in sonnet form, introduces the whole play and is a beautiful way in which to do so. Scene One features a quarrel between servants and family members of the feuding households. In contrast to the Prologue, this is in recited by the characters in straightforward prose until the intervention of the Prince of Verona who speaks in stern blank verse. Throughout the first three scenes, there is poetry of great beauty and variety. For example, old Montague describes his son, Romeo, who is saddened by Rosaline not returning his love: Many a morning hath he there been seen, With tears augmenting the fresh mornings dew, Adding to clouds more clouds with his deep sighs; He ends this speech with a rhymed couplet: Black and portentous must this humour prove Unless good counsel may the cause remove There is different language for brawling and for love and sadness and different language for different characters: the Clown and the Nurse speak in prose whereas the nobility speak in verse, often with rhymed couplets. This contrasting language is very much in evidence in the first three scenes, even before the arrival of Juliet, and continues throughout the play in order to convey the unfolding drama. It mirrors and enhances the other dramatic devices Shakespeare uses to enhance the audiences interest. Shakespeares unusual style of prologue in which the whole story and the final tragedy is declared in sonnet form is the first ingredient used to engage the interest of the audience in Romeo and Juliet. The audience is eager to see how the events in the play result in the final tragedy. Shakespeare then employs contrast of themes and variety between scenes to which he added a variety of prose and verse forms to ensure audience expectations are realized and their interest is not lost. The audience is always interested to see how these dramatic and poetic devices are used to link with the events foretold in the Prologue of a love tragedy that ends in union between the noble families.