New Horizons in the Outer Solar System

New Horizons in the Outer Solar System The external sun powered systemâ isâ the area of spaceâ beyond the planet Neptune,â and the last outskirts. The Voyager 1 and 2 shuttle have gone past the circle of Neptune, however have not experienced further universes. That all changed with the New Horizons mission. The shuttle went through 10 years flying out to Pluto, and afterward cleared past the ​dwarf planetâ on July 14, 2015. It not just took a gander at Pluto and its fiveâ known moons, yet the rockets cameras mapped some portion of the surface. Different instruments focused on discovering progressively about the air. New Horizons magesâ show that Pluto has a complex surfaceâ with frosty fields made of nitrogen ice, encompassed by spiked mountains comprising generally of water ice. For reasons unknown, Pluto was unquestionably more interesting than anybody expected!â Since it has passed Pluto, New Horizonsâ will investigate the Kuiper Belt - a locale of the close planetary system that loosens up past the planet Neptune andâ populated with so-called Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs). The most popular KBOs areâ dwarf planets Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, Eris, and Haumea. The mission has been affirmed to visit another diminutive person planet called 2014 MU69, and will clear past it on January 1, 2018. Fortunately, this little world lies directly along the missions flight path.â In the far removed future, New Horizonsâ will enter the edges of the Oort Cloud (the shell of cold particles that encompasses the nearby planetary group, named forâ astronomer Jan Oort).  After that, it will navigate space forever.â New Horizons:ItsEyes and Ears New Horizonsâ science instruments were intended to respond to inquiries concerning Pluto, for example, what does its surface resemble? What surface highlights does it have, for example, sway cavities or gorge, or mountains? Whats in its air? Lets investigate the rocket and its specific eyes and ears that have demonstrated us such a great amount about Pluto.â Ralph:â a high-goals mapper with noticeable and infrared cameras to assemble information that will help make excellent maps of Pluto and Charon. Alice:â an imaging spectrometer delicate to bright light, and worked to test Pluto’s environment. A spectrometer isolates light into its frequencies, similar to a crystal does. Aliceâ works to create a picture of the objective at every frequency, and will have the option to contemplate the â€Å"airglow† at Pluto. Airglow happens when gases in the climate are energized (warmed). Alice will follow light from a far off star or the Sun through Pluto’s air to select frequencies of light consumed by Plutos air, which mentions to us what the climate contains. REX: short for radio analysis. It contains complex hardware and is a piece of the radio broadcast communications framework. It can quantify the feeble radio discharge from Pluto, and take the temperature of its night side.â LORRI: the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager,a telescope with a 8.2-inch (20.8-centimeter) gap that centers noticeable light onto a charge coupled gadget (CCD). Close to the hour of nearest approach, LORRI was worked to take a gander at Plutos surface at football-field size resolution.You can see some early pictures from LORRI here. Pluto goes through the sun based breeze, a flood of charged particles clearing out from the Sun. In this way, New Horizons has the Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) locator to gauge charged particles from the sun powered breeze to decide if Pluto has a magnetosphere (a zone of security made by its attractive field) and how quick the Plutonian climate is getting away. New Horizons has another plasma-detecting instrument called the Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation (PEPSSI). It will scan for unbiased iotas that escape Plutos climate and therefore become accused by their cooperation of the sun oriented breeze. New Horizons included understudies from the University of Colorado as developers of the Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter, which checks and measures the extents of residue particles in interplanetary space.

Marketing Campaign Essay Analysis Essay Example

Promoting Campaign Essay Analysis Essay Presentation In 2008, the city of Liverpool, UK was chosen to be the European Capital of Culture program among 11 metropoliss of the UK. This was a specific occasion that was presented from 2005 in Europe and every twelvemonth, one city in Europe would be chosen to represent the civic establishments of grouped states. The occasion was called Liverpool 2008 or Liverpool 08 . Such an occasion allows the host city to grandstand its alluring powers and human advancement, other than allowing nearby worries to expand their gross incomes and build up their anxiety on a drawn out balance. While Liverpool 08 went on for one twelvemonth, the effects of the occasion can at present be felt today, and concerns see expanded gross incomes even at this point. The occasion united the individuals as a network and they all functioned as a crew to do the occasion a triumph. It is assessed that the whole putting resources into Liverpool and the environing nations was in excess of 4 billion GBP ( Liverpool 08, 2009 ) . The outcome was that 1000s of occupations were made ; more than one billion individuals visited the city from 60 states. A figure of social occasions were led all through the twelvemonth and the general inclination was that the occasion was a far reaching achievement. Viable selling, close cooperation, top notch open introductions, and a city that has been praised as a get done with selling mark helped the endeavor to be a triumph. Be that as it may, before naming the occasion a triumph, it is of import to comprehend the means used to evaluate the accomplishment of the occasion. This proposition investigations the selling run of the occasion, and examines if the run worked and prevailing in run intoing the points. Foundation to the Thesis With the post-9/11 assaults and the outgrowth of minimal effort bearers or LCC, Destination Marketing Organization or DMO has gotten logically mainstream. DMO goes about as a cardinal natural structure for a nation or parts, and pulls in faraway voyagers from different states. A reappraisal of writing shows that Liverpool 08 and its sorting out bonus is a DMO and get done with selling action. Kotler ( 2002 ) has distinguished DMO as specialists or private organizations that spread all the exercises and techniques to pass on together customers or buyers and Sellerss, and spots a point of convergence on responding to the requests of the customers and competitory position. The action is a lot of continuous and co-ordinated stairss that make awareness of the completion and set up an effective web for the completion. Finishs can be mainlands, for example, Antarctica, states, large and little metropoliss, explicit parts or nations in an express, a little unassuming community, touchable and elusive administrations, and characteristic contributions accessible in the topographic point. Brey ( 2007 ) sets that get done with selling includes using touristry as an office to a terminal rather than a terminal in itself. We will compose a custom paper test on Marketing Campaign Essay Analysis explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Marketing Campaign Essay Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Marketing Campaign Essay Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Reichel ( 2007 ) has brought up that DMOs exchange with changed endeavors that can incorporate bettering and driving that picture of a completion to pull visitants, providing fluctuated obligations for various classifications of customers runing from the knapsack explorer who might be comfortable kiping in a collapsible sanctuary, to a very much obeyed voyager who requests a rich suite. He talks about expanding the aggregate of establishments and foundation for venture, lodging, F A ; B, giving nearby tenants and establishment owners more method of reasoning and backing, bettering the neighborhood condition, passing on in social exercises, taking neighborhood obstructions of development and phonetic correspondence, and doing finishs all the more overwhelming, affable, and a spot off from place. Zupanovic ( 2007 ) contends that the exercises of DMOs are of an extremely goal-oriented field and are identified with the partner s demeanor, the multifaceted nature of the completion, and nu merous different elements. Watchman ( 1998 ) has characterized competitory favorable position as a spot that an organization has made or busy with notice to adversaries, and it permits the house to increase higher grosss. With notice to DMOs, certain attributes of the product, for example, recorded and visitor appealing powers, and characteristic grand excellence like sea shores, mountains, etc draw in and pull visitants. Kotler ( 2002 ) calls attention to that while providing tourers with a top of the line intends to do their stay pleasant, the essential ground for the DMO is to ensure that financial specialists and partners make total compensations, and that their monetary wagess are achieved. Simply after these points are fulfilled can the DMO action be viewed as fruitful. Writing Review Liverpool 08 has been effectively bolstered by the University of Liverpool and the University of Manchester, and the understudies and module of the colleges have distributed a figure of great composed paperss about the occasion. These paperss would be utilized as notices for the exploration. Garcia ( 2009 ) takes note of that the advantages of Liverpool 08 have reached out past 2008 when the occasion was led. The whole pay from the program was around 130 million GBP and this is more than that of some other European Capital of Culture or ECoC plan. There was an extra 27.7 million individuals sing Liverpool, the North West part, and the Merseyside in 2008, and this was 35 % all things considered. About 2.9 million visitants from Europe and different states came to Liverpool. The inclination of visitants has reached out to until past 2010 and during 2009, Liverpool other than observed a plentiful progression of visitants. It was evaluated that by the terminal of 2008, Liverpool was view ed as the Center for humanistic orders and social individual businesss. In 2008, there were in excess of 70,000 humanistic controls and social exercises led. The occasion has conveyed four significant results and these are: favorable circumstances and advantages to different partners, numerous effect of human advancement ; recovery of the inside city nations and the dockyards, and the handiness of an exploration model that can be utilized by different metropoliss that need to retroflex the achievement ( Bond, 2008 ) . It is all things considered guaranteed by the coordinators that Liverpool 08 has acquired adequate degrees of accomplishment. Advantages in Liverpool Dockyards The Liverpool Dockyard nations have seen an extraordinary transmutation during the Liverpool 08 occasion. The dockyard has numerous destinations that are a bit of the Maritime Mercantile City UNESCO World Heritage Site and the historical backdrop of the dockyards return to the mid tenth century. Of specific note are developments, for example, the Albert Dockyard. This site was picked to be the region for the FETTU show. Albert Dockyard sees a figure of visitants, and it has a considerable lot of import and advantageous alluring powers, for example, the Tate Liverpool exhibition, the New Arena and Convention Center, Kings Waterfront, Three Graces in the North nation, Wapping Dock, Birkenhead in Merseyside, and different nations ( FETTU, June 2008 ) . One of the most exceptional developments that were worked for Liverpool 08 was the Arena and Convention Center built at the Kings Waterfront dock nation of Liverpool. This is a modern assembly hall with a nation of 7600 square meters, and gives 10,000 seats and a theater of 1350 seats. In add-on, the Center has lodgings, multi-story auto stopping, eating houses, and a five star open court. Before the Liverpool 08 occasion, these antiquated dockyards had fallen into disregard and rot with all the cultural infirmities of old dock nations. Be that as it may, the social celebration has prevailing with regards to changing the nations into a rich social and monetary center. The best part is that the new developments that have been built and the old 1s that have been fixed would proceed to pass on in an ever increasing number of social exercises through the mature ages ( Wilkinson Eyre, 2008 ) . Recommended Methodology According to the investigation by ENRS ( June 2009 ) and Bond ( October 2008 ) , there are multimodal elements and subsectors to be considered in the methodological examination for breaking down the effects on touristry. The effect of touristry would be felt in subsectors, for example, travel, modification, alluring powers and visits to topographic purposes of contributions, middle people, and tourers, for example, twenty-four hours tourers and full clasp tourers. Impressive work has been finished by the University of Liverpool understudies to gauge the effect made by the occasion. For this exploration, it is recommended that the optional strategy ought to be utilized. The auxiliary strategy would incorporate a reappraisal of distributed investigations and writing about the celebrations. The discoveries would in this way be triangulated with the writing reappraisal of complete the process of offering to gracefully the required choices. Undertaking Timeline It is assessed that the endeavor would take around a half year from begin to finish. What follows is the endeavor timetable. How the proposal is sorted out There would be a figure of parts in the proposition, with every section committed to a particular occasion. A short outline of theory development is as given beneath: Section 2: Literature Review. This part would set about a careful writing reappraisal of Liverpool 08 and how the social occasion has influenced the dockyard nation. The part would other than break down speculations and delineations of complete the process of selling organizations and how they publicize finishs. Section 3: Decisions and Recommendation. The part would summarize the discoveries from the writing reappraisal to discover if Liverpool 08 was fruitful. A few proposals would other than be made to pass on out the best examples.

A Complete Guide to Organizational Structures

A Complete Guide to Organizational Structures The word “organization” was derived from the root word, “organize”, a verb that means “to arrange into order or into a structured whole”. This implies that, in order for any organization or collective to be arranged into any semblance of order, a basis or a framework is required. This is where organizational structures come in. © Shutterstock.com | Evgenii BobrovIn this post, we start with 1) the introduction to organizational structures; 2) evolution and 3) types of organizational structure; and finish with the 4) future trends of organizational structures.AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURESAn organizational structure is the framework around which an organization’s operations are based on. In most cases, it is referred to as the “manual of operations” of an organization or a company, showing how it is formed and how it works or functions. This encompasses various processes including, but not limited to, recruitment, settlement of disputes, and other decision-making actions. It details how work is performed, who does what, and who is accountable for what, while keeping in view the organizational goals.Importance of an Organizational StructureAn organization cannot exist or even come about without any structure or order. It requires a framework, regardless of the type of the organization or t he purpose of its existence. Its development could be on the onset of the organization, when it is still in the process of being formed, or during the life of the organization, when it is already in operation. In most cases, development of a structure within an organization is a continuous or ongoing process, with changes implemented to adapt to various circumstances directly (or even indirectly) affecting the members, or the organization, as a whole.Why is it important to have an organizational structure? Here’s why:An organizational structure lends “organizational” identity to the members. Members will instinctively feel that they are part of something solid or of a cohesive unit. It displays the working relationships that are in effect in the flow of work within the organization, so they will know exactly where they are supposed to be or what their roles are. In effect, this also clears up issues regarding responsibilities and accountabilities.An organizational structure pr ovides clear guidelines. Essentially, it sets out the scope of acceptable behavior of members within an organization. Members refer to the structure to get an idea how things work, or what rules should prevail in certain situations. This ensures an improvement of the operational efficiency of the members and the company or organization.An organizational structure aids in decision-making. After all, it is considered as an operations manual of guidebook. Decisions can be made more easily if they have something solid â€" the structure â€" to base on.An organizational structure facilitates growth of the organization. For the precise reason that it serves as the guide for the company, it provides direction on how certain matters or issues must be resolved.Elements of an Organizational StructureWith more than one or two types of organizational structures currently prevailing, there are bound to be several elements that comprise them. The basic ones, however, are enumerated below:Leadershi p or governance. The persons or individuals who have the power to make decisions or steer the organization towards its common goal are clearly identified.Implementing rules. These are the rules â€" both the explicitly stated rules and those that are implicit by nature â€" that must be followed in the organization’s normal operations or functioning.Division of labor. Within the organization, the division and subsequent distribution of work among the members must also be laid out, with their roles and responsibilities clearly defined.Taking into account the significance of an organizational structure in the grand scheme of things, it follows that an organization should have a proper structure in place: one that is most suitable for the type of organization, its operations, its scale (or size), as well as its ultimate goal.EVOLUTION OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURESEver since man started getting into trade or business, setting up enterprises of different sizes, they have unconsciously set up structures, even if they weren’t aware of it yet. In fact, even during the ancient times, when hunters went out in groups, there was a certain order to how they carried out their hunting tasks. There is, unbeknownst to them, already an “organizational structure” in place.It was during the 1900s, when the concept of mass production started to take root, that thinkers and industry leaders at the time looked into ways to increase productivity while maintaining efficiency throughout the production process. Henri Fayol of France likened the process to resemble that of a machine â€" well-oiled, it will operate smoothly and yield better results. The oil, in this case, would be a structure that will keep operations going smoothly.Fayol introduced the concepts of having a chain of command, specialization of tasks, and separation of jobs, power and authority. This lent support to the idea of another thinker, Max Weber, who introduced the application of the concept of bureaucracy. Th is time around, it is the positions or roles that are assigned with specific powers or authority, regardless of the identity of the person or individual in those positions.From Centralized to Bureaucratic StructurePrior to the application of bureaucracy to organizational structures, task specialization and standardization was not practiced, which means everything was centralized. This type of structure does not work as well anymore when applied to mid-sized to large organizations. Delegation of tasks becomes imperative as the workforce â€" and the operations â€" grows.This bureaucratic take on organizational structures is said to be the classical or traditional view. It is in this type of structure that standardization has been introduced.Main Features of the Traditional Bureaucratic StructuresPresence of a certain degree of standardization.Multiple levels of management and decision-making stages. In the spirit of delegation, many levels of management are created. For example, in a large retail chain setting:Store or branch managers â€" management of specific stores or branchesArea managers â€" management of all stores in one cityRegional managers â€" management of all stores in one state or regionSenior executive managers â€" top management levelPresence of defined policies and procedures.Authority lies with top management.Advantages (+) and Disadvantages (-) of Traditional Bureaucratic Structures+         Well-defined roles and responsibilities. Everyone is clear on who makes the decisions or who has the final say, and they are also fully aware of their responsibilities.+         Systematic decision-making process. The clear line of responsibilities results in a more organized manner of making management and other business decisions. Since the authority lies with the top management, making decisions is also faster.+         More control for top management. Top level managers have all the power to decide on all matters regarding the organization, so they have full command and control of everything that goes on.         Restrictive environment. Rules, procedures and policies in this form of structure tend to be too limiting and strict. All movements should adhere to the rules, leaving no room for innovation and hampering members of the organization to display their creativity.         Resistance to change. What rules were in effect at the beginning tend to prevail for a long time. They tend to stick to what they have “already started with”. This inflexibility is likely to cause problems when the organization is faced with unusual setbacks.Basis of Grouping for Organizational StructuresIf you notice the bureaucratic structures, as represented in most hierarchical organizational charts, there are specific groupings or, in some cases, departments. This is to simplify the process of creating a solid structure for the organization.The grouping or departmentalization will depend on several factors, mainly on the type of the organization an d its size or scale. Currently, this process is done through several bases.Departmentalization by FunctionsDepartmentalization under this category is done depending on the specific functions performed by members or employees within an organization.Example: A company engaged in the manufacture of electronics will have departments based on functions, such as Research and Development, Sales and Marketing, Manufacturing, Accounting and Finance, and Logistics.Pros:It promotes efficiency, such as in utilization of resources.It promotes sharing of knowledge and expertise within the department.It encourages personal and professional growth and development of members within one department.Cons:It prohibits members from interacting and coordinating with other departments, as they tend to focus inwards, only to their own respective departments.Departmentalization by ProductsOften applicable to companies engaged in diversified businesses or activities, this basis provides that all activities th at contribute to the development, production and marketing of a specific product are classified as belonging to one group or department. The more products or group of similar products there are, the more departments or groupings there will be. This concept also applies to product lines.Example: A company has several products or product lines, such as men’s footwear, women’s footwear, men’s sportswear, women’s sportswear, and sports accessories. All activities related to each of the product line, from development all the way to sales and distribution, will fall under its own department.Pros:It aids in personnel development, increasing their expertise and specialization with respect to the products or product lines they are assigned to.Product quality is monitored since all the focus of the members or personnel will be devoted to the products falling under the department.Cons:Redundancy of some functions, particularly support functions. Some of the functions, such as accountin g, marketing, and production, to name a few, will be duplicated, since all the departments will also have each of them.Departmentalization by LocationGrouping is made with respect to geographical location. This is applicable to organizations that span wide areas, or operate in many locations.Example: A worldwide chain of hotels will be grouped in accordance with their geographical profiles, such as those located in Asia, Europe, North America, and South America, respectively.Pros:It promotes efficiency, such as in utilization of resources.It serves as a good training ground for members aiming for higher management positions in the future.Cons:Distances cause greater difficulty in coordination among geographical units.Diversity of locations brings about differences that require unique responses. A Southeast Asian department cannot be expected to have exactly the same operations or circumstances as the department in North America.Departmentalization by Customer or MarketThis requires answering the questions “who is your customer?” and “who are in your target market?” The grouping will be based on the type of customers or market served by the organization.Example: A company engaged in providing office supplies will come up with separate departments that cater to wholesale customers, retail customers, and another that deals with government contracts.Pros:It improves relationship between the organization and its customers or market.Personnel improve in handling matters affecting the customers or market they are specifically dealing with.Cons:Personnel will only be familiar with the needs of one set or group of customers while remaining oblivious, to a certain extent, to that of other customers or markets.TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURESOrganizations have evolved and decided to move past the traditional structures, in order to address issues these conventional views could not resolve. Currently, there are three major structures.Functional Organizational St ructureThis is the most commonly seen organizational structure in use by small organizations with specialized divisions or divisions assigned to perform functions or tasks unique to their respective groupings.For example, an IT company has several departments, and they include the accounting division and the engineering division. The personnel in the engineering division are all software engineers; the accounting department, on the other hand, is staffed with people involved in accounting and finance.Advantage: Increased efficiency of operations within the division.Disadvantage: Lack of interaction and communication of one division with other divisions of the organization.Divisional Organizational StructureIn this structure, departmentalization was done based on the product/product line, the process or project performed, or the geographical location. In this case, it is possible for one division to have several departments under it, which is why it is ideal for organizations with co mplex nature of operations and products or product lines.Advantage: Increased operational efficiency and improved capability and expertise of the members of the division.Disadvantage: Too much diversification tends to make the organization lose focus, and could also lead to duplication of tasks in the different divisions.Matrix Organizational StructureUnfortunately, sticking to any one of the aforementioned organizational structures could be limiting, considering the varying nature of organizations. Not all organizations are the same or operate the same way, so it would be wrong to conclude that a structure that works for one will also work for the rest, even if they belong to the same industry.A certain degree of flexibility is called for, and this is when the Matrix Organizational Structure was developed.This type of organizational structure basically combines two or more structures. In fact, it has been said that it combines the best things about the functional and divisional org anizational structures. The departments could be divided based on their functions, but then are subsequently grouped according to the products they are associated with. An example would be drawing expert personnel from the different functional departments together in order to achieve predetermined goals or results.It is usual to see functional managers as well as product managers or area managers in this type of organization. In a manufacturing setting, you will find managers in charge of the functions of the production, quality control, and logistics. But you will also find people who are tasked to manage a specific product line that results from the production process.Advantages: Decentralization of decision-making results in better performance monitoring and adaptability of the organization. This also increases operational efficiency as the utilization of resources is done in a more flexible manner, and results are achieved more quickly, thanks to the faster flow of information i n a horizontal, rather than a vertical, direction.Disadvantages: Increased possibilities of conflicts brought about by confusion on authority, responsibility and accountability. Conflicts are not limited to managers alone, since the personnel or employees may also be affected, largely due to the large manager-to-employee/worker ratio. Operational efficiency may be improved, but administration cost is likely to be high.EMERGING AND FUTURE TRENDS IN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURESThe constantly evolving or changing landscape of business on a global scale calls for a more proactive attitude from organizations. They simply cannot sit still, doing nothing or making no attempts to adapt to these changes. Fortunately, more and more organizations are taking active steps to do so.‘Flattening’ the OrganizationBy “flattening”, it is a move of organizations to adopt a “flat” structure, where the horizontal relationships are more emphasized than the vertical relationships.The characteristi c move performed by organizations to achieve a flatter structure is to eliminate middle management. Instead of having multiple levels of management, they will be left with only a few levels. As a result, the organization becomes more streamlined, and decision-making becomes faster while communication within the entire organization becomes more free-flowing.Another way to improve the communication within the organization is to take advantage of technology. Internet has played an active role in recent years in business and has even reshaped the way organizations go about their operations.Industry ConsolidationToday, we see conglomerates and global companies entering alliances, merging with other companies, and entering into joint ventures and various other cooperation agreements. This results in an overlapping and consolidation of industries. Naturally, this would mean the organization would be more complex, and there would be a seemingly constant need for a more well-defined and suit able structure to accommodate these changes.Do not be surprised when, in the future, more organizational structures will crop up, in order to meet the ever-increasing complexity and demands of organizations.

Essay about Macbeth by William Shakespeare - 1466 Words

Macbeth by William Shakespeare As part of my GCSE English Macbeth coursework, I had to analyse how Lady Macbeth persuaded Macbeth to murder Duncan, with a detailed reference to Act 1 Scenes 5, 6 and 7 and Act II scene 1. Also, I needed to consider the events and themes of the play so far, the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth and the nature of their relationship. At the beginning of Act 1 scene 5, Lady Macbeth is alone on stage with a letter, a letter from Macbeth. The letter informs her of Macbeths meeting with the witches and their report that reflects there is more in them than mortal knowledge. Their greetings to him All hail, Macbeth! Hail to the thane of Glamis! All†¦show more content†¦Women are the gentle, loving comrades of their authoritative, powerful men. The traditional nature of women would be of no help in the deed that was to be committed. Thus Lady Macbeth calls upon the spirits of darkness to conquer her natural womanliness and fill her instead with the worst of bitterness, wickedness and cruelty. She asks the powers of darkness to cover her thoughts and overpower her, so that their may be no remorse, no natural feeling of regret or conscientiousness. Come you spiritsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..,unsex meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.fill meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..dirtiest cruelty; make thick my blood, stop up thaccess and passage to remorseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.come to my womans breastà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..milk for youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.murdering ministersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..mischiefà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..Come, thick nightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..dunnest smoke of hellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦my keen knight see not the wound it makesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. The nature of the call, its powerful language and vocabulary has a very strong, dark, shilling effect on the reader. The suggestions of evil poison the reader. The audience at these moments are reminded of the awful contrast this scene bears to the witches, the evil looking, crooked faces, thunder and lightening, struggle and darkness. Clearly indicating the play is a battle of the forces of good and evil. Lady Macbeth says that Macbeths thoughts are too apparent on his face. She advises him to be double sided and two faced by deceiving the guests and hiding his realShow MoreRelatedMacbeth by William Shakespeare770 Words   |  3 PagesThe play Macbeth is written by William Shakespeare. It is believed to be written between 1603 and 1607 and set in eleventh century Scotland. It is also believed to be first performed in 1606. It is considered to be one of the darkest and most powerful tragedies. Macbeth, set in Scotland, dramatizes the psychological and political effects produced when evil is chosen to fulfill the ambition of power. The Tragedy of Macbeth is Shakespeare’s shortest tragedy and tells the story of Macbeth, a ScottishRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1425 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth Just Can’t Wait To Be King Everyone has a quality that they do not like about themselves. Some people struggle to be social, others may be too controlling of people. The list goes on and on, but the point is that everybody has a particular quality that they must learn to control or else that particular quality can get out of hand. Of course, one could write a list of characters that have major flaws. There is no better example than William Shakespeare’s character, Macbeth, in The TragedyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1409 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air.† On October 17th, I had the pleasure of going to see Macbeth performed at the Shakespeare Tavern. Along with its reputation for being â€Å"cursed,† Macbeth is also known as one of the crown jewels of William Shakespeare’s repertoire. In my opinion, the central concept of this particular retelling of the play was the murkiness of character. Throughout the pla y, the many characters go through fierce temptation and strife, and noneRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1203 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth is a play based on King James I, it was written by William Shakespeare, however this play isn’t a king and queen fairy tale, but it’s a play about greed and guilt, chaos and murder and three evil witches who use prophecies to influence Macbeth to do bad things, using flattery would instigate his inner ambition to become king, which in the end doesn’t lead to a very happy ending. Shakespeare’s, Macbeth, was written in the early Jacobean period. During those times, women had no power, theyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1243 Words   |  5 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Macbeth†, the author portrays the main character Macbeth as a very tortured and flawed individual whose actions only serve to further unravel him. He is conflicted and power hungry, which drives him to perform evil murders and become a ruthless person. Macbeth’s moral compass is not resilient enough to withstand his wife’s manipulations and he is provoked to act on his malicious thoughts of murder. The author explores the terrible effects that ambition and guilt can haveRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesreaction†. Macbeth by William Shakespeare is a tale which illuminates the consequences of violating the â€Å"Natural order†, the hierarchy of beings in the universe. When Macbeth, a warrior wel l-known for his courage and bravery, murders King Duncan acting on his unchecked ambition to claim the throne, the order was disrupted, the result†¦chaos. Shakespeare uses symbolism to illustrate the atmosphere of the play as the natural order is flung into a state of turmoil. These techniques used by Shakespeare is usedRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1483 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent references in the play of how a king deals with power and if they use it for better or for their own personal gain. In the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, Macbeth’s obsession with his journey to power leads to his failure. This obsession is demonstrated through the prophecies, the murder of his best friend Banquo, and his own demise. Macbeth demonstrates that he is incapable of mastering the power and responsibilities of being a king. 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He receives help from his â€Å"inner ambitions and external urgings† which result in his downfall (Bernad 49). The â€Å"external urgings† consist of the weird sisters who disclose his prophecies, which enlightenRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare2060 Words   |  9 Pagesthe green one red Macbeth Quote (Act II, Sc. II). Out, out, brief candle! Life s but a walking shadow, a poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage and then is heard no more: it is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. Macbeth Quote (Act V, Scene V). These quotes have been taken from play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare. Like these quotes there are hundreds and thousands of such heart touching quotes written by Shakespeare in his many different

Should mobile phones be banned in schools - 1115 Words

LENIN Lenin was one of the leading political figures and revolutionary thinkers of the 20th century, who masterminded the Bolshevik take-over of power in Russia in 1917, and was the architect and first head of the USSR. Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov was born in Simbirsk on the Volga River on 22 April 1870 into a well-educated family. He excelled at school and went on to study law. At university, he was exposed to radical thinking, and his views were also influenced by the execution of his elder brother, a member of a revolutionary group. Expelled from university for his radical policies, Lenin completed his law degree as an external student in 1891. He moved to St Petersburg and became a professional revolutionary. Like many of his†¦show more content†¦When Lenin fell ill and died, Trotsky was easily outmanoeuvred by Stalin. In 1927, he was thrown out of the party. Internal and then foreign exile followed, but Trotsky continued to write and to criticise Stalin. Trotsky settled in Mexico in 1936. On 20 August 1940, an assassin called Ramon Mercader, acting on Stalin s orders, stabbed Trotsky with an ice pick, fatally wounding him. He died the next day. STALIN One of the most powerful and murderous dictators in history, Stalin was the supreme ruler of the Soviet Union for a quarter of a century. His regime of terror caused the death and suffering of tens of millions, but he also oversaw the war machine that played a key role in the defeat of Nazism. Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili was born on 18 December 1879 in Gori, Georgia, which was then part of the Russian empire. His father was a cobbler and Stalin grew up in modest circumstances. He studied at a theological seminary where he began to read Marxist literature. He never graduated, instead devoting his time to the revolutionary movement against the Russian monarchy. He spent the next 15 years as an activist and on a number of occasions was arrested and exiled to Siberia. Stalin was not one of the decisive players in the Bolshevik seizure of power in 1917, but he soon rose through the ranks of the party. In 1922, he was made general secretary of the Communist Party, a post not considered particularlyShow MoreRelatedMobile Phones Should Be Banned from School946 Words   |  4 Pagesover the age of thirteen carries a mobile phone, many school systems have banned or want to ban these items from school grounds. Why? The one says it is due to the ‘potential problems’, such as texting during class and the use of social media. Others say it is because they interrupt the learning environment. Whatever the reason is the school gives us, should mobile phones be banned in schools? In daily life almost everyone now is reliable of their mobile phones. It is the wonderful technology forRead MoreShould Mobile Phones be Banned in Schools? 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Now mobile phones are not just for calling, but you can now text, take and send pictures, record videos, access the internet, play games and much more. The variety of functions has increased dramatically. They have also become a lot cheaper. Thus more and more young people now own a mobile. So should they be allowed to bring them to schoo l? Mobile phones can cause a distraction in education. They can disturbRead MoreCell Phones Should Not Be Banned1222 Words   |  5 PagesCell phones can definitely be educational tools in school What’s are everybody’s opinion on cell phones during school? Why should or shouldn’t they be allowed? I’ve always used mine as a helpful tool. I’ve heard many different sides of this debate, mostly they have been positive. I’ve used mine for reading a book in study hall and playing a game to benefit for a vocabulary test. Cell phones are educational tools and should not be banned. This is a debate that can go both ways. Lots of bigger schoolsRead MoreShould We Bring Mobile Phones to School?836 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: Should Mobile Phones be allowed in School? ___________________________________________________________________________ In this modern era in which both modernists and postmodernists lived, technology wonders beleaguer the world. As the cellular technology invades our everyday lives, one rather pertinent question springs to mind, who does not own a mobile phone these days? It has become an integral part of modern man s life. The amazing thing about mobile phones is that they are no longerRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Our Daily Life1259 Words   |  6 Pageshigh school are beginning to surface. Despite the fact that phones can be utilized educationally and serve as a learning too, this same technology can also be utilized negatively at the wrong time. In agreement with many teachers, â€Å"a fair amount of teachers say cell phones have officially replaced chewing gum as the new classroom menace. Constant ringing, chirping, buzzing and texting are interfering with lessons and student learning, and some students are storing notes on their cell phones to cheatRead MoreLimited Use of Cell Phones1453 W ords   |  6 PagesArgumentative essay    Mobile cell phones should be limited in certain schools Mobile phones can be an issue in certain schools. Mobile phones should be banned in elementary and middle schools. However, phones during class in high school and college should be up to the teacher, whether or not to have them. As youths get older, they become more responsible on how they use their phones. Elementary  schools  shouldn’t  have  phones  period.  The  kids  shouldn’t  have  a  phone  that  young.  They  don’t  need  it  for  many  reasonsRead MoreIs Mobile Phone a Boon or Bane?1587 Words   |  7 PagesMobile phone a ban or a boon. Favor * Everyone is available to others for 24x7. * People say mobiles made life miserable by providing unlimited connectivity but they don t understand the fact it also provide limited connectivity options like you can switch of the mobiles. * Mobile proved life saver for human beings in many areas related with human health. * Mobile proved boon for businesses as well where crucial information is at reach for corporate decisions. * Mobile phones

The Huge Prevelence of Bullying - 617 Words

What comes to mind when you hear the word bully? I think of a group of sophomores in high school who clowns the incoming freshmen’s. Hearing the word bully also makes me think of a young boy who gets pushed around at school for wearing the same shirt he wore yesterday or the young girl who gets teased for being a little overweight. Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involve a real or perceived power imbalance (http://www.stopbullying.gov/what-is-bullying/). The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated over time (http://www.stopbullying.gov/what-is-bullying/). In this day, in time, in the U.S. bullying has become a very big issue among today’s youth. No matter what ethnicity, background, or race anyone can be the target of bullying. Groups play a vital part in a society social structure. A group can hold special meaning for members because of its relationship to other groups. For example, people in one group sometimes feel antagonistic toward or threatened by another group especially if that group perceived as being different, either culturally or racially (Richard, 2013) Bullying takes place during early adolescent. There was a study done about Bullying in Early Adolescence. During the study a sample of over 15,686 students in the United States (grades 6 through 10), 29.9% self-reported frequent involvement in bullying at school, with 13% participating as a bully, 10.9% as a victim, and 6% as both.

Rose for Emily free essay sample

A Rose for Emily Rejection is the theme in the story A Rose for Emily because she consciously pulls away from the community due to the towns disapproval of her relationship with Homer Barron. People in the town treated Miss Emily horribly when she started dating Homer Barron. They wanted to hold her to the ideal image of what a lady should be. Miss Emily was able to break away when her father died, however, the town would not allow it. In addition, people tried to involve her cousin by asking her o stop Miss Emily, but she failed miserably. Miss Emily is rejected by the society; however, they are also curious about her life because it is full of suspense and they were unsure of whether Miss Emily and Homer were married. Before Homer Barrons disappearance, he was last seen entering the residence of Miss Emily Grierson. Her life is a mystery since she went in a state of isolation and denial; consequently, Miss Emily did not leave her house for 40 forty years. We will write a custom essay sample on Rose for Emily or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the day of her funeral, the townspeople enter the bedroom that has been locked for 40 years, only to find the rotting corpse of Homer Barron. In conclusion, the protagonist Miss Emily consciously pulls away from the community because of the communitys rejection, resulting in the tragic outcome of Miss Emily. Therefore, it is valid to say that rejection from the townspeople caused Miss Emily to go into isolation and that is the conflict of this story.

Internet Censorship Essays (1497 words) - Animal Welfare

Internet Censorship Animal cruelty encompasses a range of different behaviors harmful to animals, from neglect to malicious, brutal killings. Studies show that animal cruelty may lead to more serious forms of crime, like heavy drug use, violent outbursts, and most common, cold blooded murder. Many studies in psychology, sociology, and criminology during the last twenty-five years have demonstrated that violent offenders frequently have childhood and adolescent histories of serious and repeated animal cruelty. A web page that goes by the name Animal Alliance says ?most cruelty investigated by humane officers, is unintentional neglect, and can be resolved through education.? (3) I was slightly shocked when I saw this comment. Anyone who puts an animals' life in their hands, has a responsibility to it. You don't just forget to feed him/her, or forget to show them love unless it is intentional, it get so much worse, though. These people aren't just forgetting to feed their pets, or give them attention, they're kicking and beating them, poisoning and butchering these poor creatures, and what makes me sick to my stomach, is that some of these people do it for fun!! I recently ran across a link to a web page that contained a online petition to put a cat's killers to justice with maximum sentence. This is the article I found on this brutal torture of an innocent creature. ***WARNING*** (graphic details) ?On October 10, 1999, a beautiful female cat came willingly to the four boys who stopped on the side of the road and called to her. Her trust was rewarded by unthinkable terror and cruelty - being used as a tug-of-war toy until the boys heard something pop, having her legs broken, being jumped up and down on like a trampoline. Even when her pitiful battered body was mercifully dead, her suffering was not at an end. The boys then placed her ravaged body under the wheel of their car, braking over her, as they drove off to find other amusement. Once the Chesapeake Animal Control conducted their investigation and performed a necropsy, criminal charges were filed against 3 of the 4 boys involved. If these charges are found to be accurate, these boys are not only in violation of the laws of the State of Virginia, but are also in need of immediate psychiatric intervention.? (1)*** Another horrific article I ran across was even worse. It was about a dog who to was also a victim of rancid brutality. Here is that story. ***WARNING*** (graphic details) ?Jose, Marcus, Richard and Lance are accused of obtaining a video camera, pressing the 'record' button, luring Scruffy from his home, and then torturing and killing him in an unspeakably monstrous act of cruelty. In the videotape that the police and media have in their possession, four men are shown torturing and killing Scruffy in lurid detail. The quality of the tape is very good, and the police have been able to obtain photographs of the men in the tape. In this tape, one of the four men is shown to elevate Scruffy off the ground by the neck, and then begin this horrific abuse by choking him. This 6 pound little dog did not have a fighting chance against these men. Scruffy, still alive, was then placed in a trash bag. The four men shown in the tape then doused the trash bag with what appeared in the video to be lamp oil, took a cigarette lighter, and set Scruffy on fire. Scruffy, at this point in the video, began to run wildly in pain and agony around the trees while the four men watched and laughed. When the flames finally went out, Scruffy was still alive, but his torture was not over. Next, the men decided to try to decapitate Scruffy with a shovel. After slamming the shovel into Scruffy's neck and not being able to attain their goal, they realized that Scruffy was more of a fighter than they had expected. The men then opened Scruffy's mouth and began to pull his jaws apart, as if trying to rip his face in two. Using the shovel in place of a club, the men then beat Scruffy until his tiny body gave out, and he died. Throughout the videotape the four men are all shown laughing and having a good time as they are carrying out these unspeakable tortures.? (1) *** After I read these stories I was disgusted, revolted, down right sickened

Failures Can Be Productive Essay Example

Failures Can Be Productive Essay Example Failures Can Be Productive Essay Failures Can Be Productive Essay Productive failures are gateways for productive successes. Productive failures are those where we know that we are doing right, but need to take to lessons in application for achieving productive successes. In this competitive world, every individual and every organization intends a lot to achieve success. In search of this, the person or organization, needs to learn lot of new things. This learning will be effective when it involves innovation, experimentation, analysis, observation, willingness etc. The occurrence of failures is inevitable in this context. These failures give empirical evidence of what they can do next time. There are many examples of such productive failures that made individuals or organizations smarter. The organizations can adopt agile practices in their functioning with the help of productive failures. So, even a failure can be productive, when we take it as a ground work for productive success. â€Å"Even failures can be productive† mean that though a failure occurs, if we make use of it, we can gain, something from it. Productive failures can lead to productive successes. Now we need to know the differences between a productive success and an unproductive success. : An unproductive success is one when something goes well, but nobody knows how or why. Where as a productive success is that for which people know answers for how or why. Many organizations like Proctor and gamble, Xerox, Citicorp etc were got leadership. These organizations which stand as examples for making the failures as productive, now teaching lessons to many organizations. Organizations learning have become more critical as companies face environment of global competition and increasing rate of change. In such environment, there is a greater uncertainty and instability. In this scenario, even the best companies do not get everything right for the first time. Hence failures are very natural for any company. The efficiency of the company lies in how best the company is grabbing an opportunity to find something even from a failure that had occurred. The smart organizations can benefit in long run by productive failures in extracting ways to reach out to customers, suppliers, leaders of other industries, government policy makers and others who can provide information and insights about changing the world. Many organizations or individual persons are generally feel scarce of a failure. Also, the managements of many organizations cannot easily digest the organizational failures. This is the reason why, they do not want to accept for the fear of failure. But success starts with making changes that may be the matter of an organization or an individual. We are living in an environment where not only the success happen quickly, but also the failure can happen even much quicker. Organizations must get motivation to take the failures as challenges and must prove themselves to convert these failures as productive, which lead to successes in the future. Some great said their opinions about making the failures as productive. Some of these are as follows: * You cannot measure a man by his failures. You must know what use he makes of them. What did they mean to him. What did he get out of them? -Orison Swett Marden (1850 – 1924) * To avoid situations in which you might make mistakes may be the biggest mistake of all. -Peter McWilliams * Don’t be discouraged by a failure. It can be a positive experience. Failure is, in a sense, the highway to success, inasmuch as every discovery of what is false leads us to seek earnestly after what is true, and every fresh experience points out some form of error which we shall afterwards carefully avoid. John Keats (1795 – 1821) * Would you like me to give you a formula for success? It’s quite simple, really. Double your rate of failure. You are thinking of failure as the enemy of success. But it isn’t as all. You can be discouraged by failure – or you can learn from it. So go ahead and make mistakes. Make all you can. Because, re member, that’s where you will find success. -Thomas J. Watson * Mistakes are the portals of discovery. -James Joyce (1882 – 1941) People dislike the use of words like â€Å"fail† or â€Å"failure†. It is better to call it as â€Å"poor result†. A failure can always acknowledge that there is a problem that need to be solved Tips to make the failures as productive 1. Fail FAST! 2. Learn from it. 3. Don’t do it the same way again. CONCLUSION A failure can be changed as success by making it as productive. This can be done if we think positively and motivate our self by identifying the problem, whenever a failure occurs. With this identification, half of the problem is solved, leading to success. References: 1. Newspapers: The Hindu Indian express 2. Internet : www. agileforall. com www. productiveflourishing. com

Proctor & Gamble (Pakistan) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Proctor & Gamble (Pakistan) - Essay Example One of the most persistent drivers of corporate strategy is the macro-environment that has been explained through the PESTEL analysis. Indeed government policies can effect both supply side and the demand side factors. From P&G’s perspective it is not only the total demand that will be affected by such policies but also have bearing on its distributive policies. Factors like taxation or legislation on wage conditions or employment are all very relevant. But these are direct influences. Other indirect factors that affect the consumer’s income levels will be equally significant contributors that need to be watched and adjustments will have to be made to accommodate these in future strategies. The Five Force analysis has expounded the basis of strategy in relation to the industry environment and the likely impact on P&G’s performance. The company has a few traditional as well as contemporary competitors that take a sizable share of the market. All across the industr y the product range is quite similar as in the consumer industry worldwide. Since there is little difference to choose from, it is the buyer’s perception that assumes importance in this market.

English Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English - Assignment Example es a letter from Frank Baldry, the real cousin of Chris the war soldier informing Jenny that Chris, during the course of war, had suffered from amnesia and had lost his recent memory. His old memories however are intact. Therefore, Jenny learns from Frank that the portion of the memory of Chris that was affected by amnesia was the one which had Kitty her wife in it. He failed to remember even a slight memory regarding Kitty. On the other hand he considers his youth memories with Margret as quite fresh. Later in the novel one also learns that before coming home, Chris sent a letter to Margret in France asking her to meet him upon his return. Margret Grey, unlike Kitty, was quite a simple person and not that wealthy. She had signs of aging on her and the indications of youth from her face had almost disappeared entirely. But ine learns later in the novel that although what some might call a lowly life, she was quite satisfied with it. During the course of this paper, the main aspects of the novel would be elaborated along with some of the hidden significances. Shedding some critical light on the novel, it can be easily observed that there is a sheer uncomfortable atmosphere all along the novel. One sees that Kitty, a woman of pure class who was admired by everyone, and who was the queen of Chris’s heart and his humongous stately house had within an instant, after learning of the letter had her conditions changed upside down. The mansion of hers was no more a luxury anymore as both the stately house and the name of Chris haunted her emotions of the affections that Chris used to have towards her. Contrary to the usual scenario of a soldier’s return to his home after the war, the novel draws a blurred picture of the severe trauma he faces as a result of the war and what’s even more tragic, the impact of all that trauma on the girls back home, one his wife, second his cousin and the third his old lover. In a broader aspect, one can say that the effect of the

Chinese Media Power and Control

Chinese Media Power and Control SHI SHANGYUN Abstract Taking Chinese media power and control as the research objective and project title. This research paper analyzes the Chinese media status quo in modernization society and the relationship between government and media in China. Then the Chinese media development trend and the Chinese people’s idea of media are discussed in this paper. Chapter 1: Introduction Type of project : research paper Subject : Chinese media power and control Research questions: What is the relationship between Chinese media and government? What is media current situation in China? Background of Chinese media China is glamoured through its governance of a socialism , making it a unique structure among its surrounding partners in the global map. With its rich history , the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is committed to the Marxist-Leninist-Maoist emphasis on the central control of the press as a tool for public education, propaganda, and mass mobilization. The entire operation of China’s modern media is based upon the foundation of â€Å"mass line† governing theory. Significance of study: The significant element of this research is to seek the fact masked behind face of media in China. Chinese media is closely related to the government; Therefore the Chinese media is changing, because the economic and political system of China is continuing towards reform. But it is impossible that Chinese government loosen the macro control for media, because in modern politics the government engages through media to connect people. The real innovation of Chinese media is extremely difficult to do. In most countrys’ , the media covers an extreme level of morality, freedom of press and unification of thoughts, but Chinese news is based on secrecy and power politics which is driven through governmental controls. . Even so, Chinese new media power cannot be ignored. The Chinese new media industry has experienced strong growth in the recent years, hence creating a breakthrough point for modern Chinese media vehicles. Nowadays information is transmitted in numerous ways through high speed technology developed network. New media can do lots of different things that the traditional media cannot do in China. This project is through the basic research aspect to find significant information to define the form and direction of Chinese media. The main direction will be associated with the government and media in China. Scope and Limitation of Project: The research objective of this project is probing into the Chinese media in relation to government. I will describe and analyze five articles and retrospective news information through literature review to make the reader conscious of the particularity of Chinese media. Pertaining to government control and effect to media changes. In addition, this paper also use qualitative research via interview a newspaper editor in chief and a ordinary citizen who is not very care about political and media. It can understand the perspective on Chinese media and government control of personal opinions from two kinds of people in China. They will provide different interview content in this research paper. Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction In this chapter, I will do the literature review. The current situation of Chinese media is introduced in first article. The second article provides the condition of control of traditional media in China. And then I will explain the control of new media in third article. The next is the query to government and media from Chinese people. Finally, the article evaluate some development trends of Chinese media. 2.2 Wang (2014) written about the Chinese media status quo in his article, â€Å" A Brief Guide to China’s Media Landscape – February 2014.† Wang in this article use some date show that the traditional media did not occupy the main steam. The most famous newspaper People’s Daily in China is 2.8 million copies sold a year. Growing number of people do not like the official of speech in the traditional media. In China, the development of online media almost completely limited the prospects for traditional media. And the number of Internet users in China had hit 604 million with mobile phones becoming the favored means of accessing the web until now. The author Wang said that Sina Weibo is one of the most popular Chinese social network sites. It is a micro blog has over 500 million registered users and 65 million active users daily. According to recent reports released by China Internet Network Information Center, 22.8% netizens reduced their usage of Weibo, inclu ding visits from mobile devices. It can be caused by many different reasons. But a significant reason is government combined with Sina to repress the dissidents and restrict the free speech in 2013. This behavior caused the majority of Internet users dissatisfaction. Many users feel very disappointed for Weibo. China is still has control over freedom of speech. 2.3 An online editor Xu (2014) explained lots of useful knowledge about Chinese new media in his article called â€Å" Media censorship in China.† he did a very detailed briefing. The Chinese government has long kept tight reins on both traditional and new media to avoid potential subversion of its authority. This often entails strict media controls using monitoring systems, shuttering publications or websites, and jailing dissident journalists, bloggers, and activists. Xu argues that the freedom of Chinese media is at the bottom of list in the countries all over the world. China is almost one of the most countries without freedom of speech. The Chinese government is hope to take control of the new media very much. Chinese government always use their own monitors to guarantee political acceptability of the content for the new media. Because the Chinese authorities want to control the access of their citizens. Xu gave some example, on the network some words are involved in politica lly sensitive are masked. If you search something in politically sensitive, most websites will not come out. Some words such as the Falun Gong cult and Tiananmen Square Indecent. They also established what is known as the great firewall to impeding many foreign sites. It is including many news sites, Facebook and so on. I began to use Facebook and Youtube after I arrived in Singapore. I knew and understood many things which in China can not see in Singapore. Chinese people are in some places to offline the world because of the closure of media information. 2.4 Freedom House is an independent watchdog organization dedicated to the expansion of freedom around the world. They put an article titled â€Å" Media Control in China: A Model of Complexity and Thoroughness † in their website. This article detailedly defines the traditional media control in China. The article describe that the traditional media must reflexively defer to government. Its almost impossible to publish sensitive articles in traditional media. The traditional media such as television, newspaper and radio are the propaganda tools controlled by all levels of government. Chinese state leaders utilize control of the media to publicize positive views of the political party and government and vilify those who are considered be their enemies. The CCP maintains direct control over news media coverage through its Central Propaganda Department. For example, a newspaper chief editor usually receive some messages about what cannot be reported on newspaper from propaganda de partment of the city. And the official news in China central television that usually strives to downplay bad new and tell the good news. Generally prohibited topics include larger autonomy in Xinjiang and Tibet, relations with Taiwan, the prominent dissident writings and so on. Traditional media is more closed and limited compared to new media. 2.5 In a news article which written by a former editor Keatley (2013), we can found that the perspective of Chinese citizens on the media in his article â€Å" Press Freedom and Reform in China.† Keatley argues that some government behaviors has given rise to many discontent. In fact, Chinese people very hate government do content examination to print media, movies and TV program. They want to expose the truth of society and history, rather than always conceal various misbehavior of government. For instance, Southern Weekly known as one of most daring publications in China. It planned a New Year’s editorial calling for something the ruling party finds dangerous—letting people enjoy the many freedoms guaranteed by the state constitution but never permitted in real life in 2013. Because of this bold statement, the chief editor of Southern Weekly detained by the police after few days. Many people protest this government action. A well-known film actress who blogged stan d for protesting journalists was examined. Although increasingly violent official purging, people have lots of complaints about party and state malpractice. I think many normal people has grown even more cynical about self-interested bureaucrats who too usually use high position to enrich themselves, friends and relatives. More citizens require open and serious economic and political reforms. Chinese government face huge pressure from public opinion in network. I believe that most Chinese people thinking is free, just the party want to control people’s mind. 2.6 Dalusong (2012) defined China media system in his article titled â€Å"Media System in China and Philippines, the difference, and similarities.† Dalusong has some thoughts for the development trend of China. References http://www.pressreference.com/Be-Co/China.html http://www.danwei.com/a-brief-guide-to-chinas-media-landscape-february-2014/ http://www.freedomhouse.org/blog/media-control-china-model-complexity-and-thoroughness#.U2yFDvnUMkI http://www.cfr.org/china/media-censorship-china/p11515 http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/press-freedom-reform-china-7999 http://eijie09.tumblr.com/post/18985129114 http://westernexperience.wordpress.com/2010/05/17/typical-hand-ringing-and-liberal-moral-relativism-on-full-international-display/

The Reference of Theoretical Terms :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

The Reference of Theoretical Terms ABSTRACT: A popular explanation of the success of theories of science is that of scientific realism. It maintains, besides that the theories of a mature science are typically approximately true, that observational terms and theoretical terms refer to or denote entities. Therefore it is part of the realistic claim that "reference" explains "success." But if the realist is not able to clarify "reference" and a fortiori the reference on theoretical objects, the realist comes to a vicious circle, for there is no further criterion as the success of the theory to show that the term is referential. So it is necessary to clarify the notion "reference." Needless to say, "reference" is a relational term; but it easily becomes a problem that we are not only habituated to imagine the elation but we are convinced that a relation is just a relation between entities in a strict (viz., Quinian) sense. There are different kinds of references. For example, one is usually called "intentionality." If we , considering the traditional separation between reference and meaning, analyze meaning, we will find at least one referential component (intentional object). Such a referential process is not a meaningless aspect of linguistic reference, but now and then is the subject of the kind of relation called "denotation." The notion of meaning and the concept of reference are nonsubstantial constructions of interpretation. Nevertheless, I argue for a reference-theoretical approach. A popular explanation for the success of scientific theories is made by presupposing scientific realism. The realist's thesis maintains that typically the theories of "mature" science are approximately true and that observational terms and theoretical terms do actually refer, i.e. they denote entities. Therefore, it is part and parcel of the realistic claim that it is "reference" which explains theory "success". But if we or the realist are not able to clarify what "reference" is and a fortiori cannot specify the reference to theoretical "objects", we, and especially the realist, become entangled in a vicious circle, without any further independent criterion — apart from the success of the theory — which shows that the term is indeed a referring term. It is therefore clearly necessary to clarify the notion of reference. Needless to say, "reference" is a relational term; but immediately a problem arises here namely, that we not only habitually imagine the relata, but we are also convinced that a relation can only be a relation between entities in a strict (Quinean) sense.

The Art of Rhetoric in the Metamorphoses

The Art of Rhetoric in the Metamorphoses Among the numerous passages covered in The Metamorphoses of Ovid, there are many stories regarding the origins of the Earth, the activities of the Roman gods, and some of Rome’s significant rulers and founders. Within each of these stories, Ovid injects an overall idea that can be taken away from the text. Many of these overall ideas are themes and lessons, but also there are arts that are illustrated to the reader such as poetry, singing, or weaving. One idea in particular that Ovid portrays is the art of Rhetoric in Greco-Roman culture.Rhetoric was used in Greco-Roman culture often as a means of putting together words in a certain order to persuade or inform your audience of a specific idea. The two stories regarding the discussion between Ajax and Ulysses over Achilles armor exemplifies the idea of rhetoric. Ovid uses the episodes of Ajax and Ulysses in book thirteen f the Metamorphoses to illustrate to the readers the art of rhetori c. Ovid draws upon previous texts covered in class such as Homer’s Odyssey and Virgil’s Aeneid to form some of his stories in the Metamorphoses. However, Ovid’s style of writing is much different than that of Homer and Virgil.Homer and Virgil both write about post Trojan War events, but from two different perspectives, the Greeks and the Trojans respectively. Despite their difference in perspective, their style is the same in that they both focus on the glorification of war. They both portray violent events vividly and give praise to war heroes. Ovid, on the other hand, talks about certain parts in the Odyssey and the Aeneid that Homer and Virgil did not discuss such as the rescue of Achaemenides, the crewman Ulysses left behind on the island of Polyphemus, in book fourteen.Ovid seems to dismiss the glorification of war and briefly pass over violent scenes or portray them in a different, more comical, manner. Rather Ovid focuses on the arts of Greco-Roman cultur e. Ovid focuses on stories of Mythology concerning poetry, singing, crafting, and even the art of rhetoric. Rhetoric is â€Å"the study and practice of effective communication,† (Nordquist). There are three types of rhetoric employed: epideictic, judicial, and deliberative. These three branches of rhetoric can be used in various ways to communicate to your audience.Epideictic rhetoric is the commemoration or blame of an individual. Epideictic rhetoric is often used in â€Å"funeral orations, obituaries, graduation and retirement speeches, letters of recommendation, and nominating speeches at political conventions,† (Nordquist). Judicial rhetoric is â€Å"primarily employed by lawyers in trials decided by a judge or jury,† (Nordquist). Deliberative rhetoric is the use of communication to persuade or dissuade an individual or audience of a statement or action.Ovid does not only use the three branches of rhetoric however, he also shows the use of a technique called amplification and minimization through Ajax and Ulysses which is essentially amplifying good qualities and minimizing bad qualities. The technique of amplification and minimization goes hand in hand with deliberative and epideictic rhetoric. Ovid employs all three branches of rhetoric in his stories of Ajax and Ulysses to demonstrate their arguments and to illustrate the art of rhetoric itself. The bulk of Ovid’s illustration of rhetoric is contained within the stories of Ajax and Ulysses in book thirteen.After the Trojan War is over, the Greeks set aside Achilles’ armor and decide, through a debate, who the receiver of the armor will be. The two in debate over the armor are Ajax and Ulysses. Both employ deliberative rhetoric as their means of persuading the audience to decide who will keep the armor, but they also use the other branches as well to strengthen their argument. The discussion between the two as a whole is a deliberative and judicial rhetoric battle, but both make use of epideictic rhetoric to strengthen their positions.Ajax is the first to present his argument. Immediately Ajax makes use of epideictic rhetoric by slandering Ulysses’ actions, â€Å"he was one who did not hesitate to beat retreat when he was forced to face the torches Hector threw, while I withstood those deadly flames: the fleet was only rescued because of me,† (Ovid 427). Ajax gives evidence that Ulysses was a coward by exposing his retreat in the face of Hector. He also uses amplification and minimization to show how detrimental it was that Ulysses fled, and how great it was that Ajax held his position.Ajax then uses another epideictic statement when he brings in his heritage: And even if you were to doubt my courage, it’s I who claim the nobler lineage. I am the son of Telamon, the friend who helped the sturdy Hercules destroy the walls of Troy and, then, in Jason’s ship, sailed off and reached the distant coast of Colchis. And Telamon was born of Aeacus, who is a judge whitin the silent world—precisely in the place where Sisyphus, the son of Aeolus, must struggle with the weight of his great stone; and Aeacus was born of Jove—as Jove himself admits. (Ovid 427-428) Once again Ajax draws upon a feature that will increase his deservingness.Throughout the rest of his presentation, Ajax continually employs epideictic rhetoric to commemorate his actions and defame those of Ulysses. The use of only one dimension of the three branches of rhetoric by Ajax shows that the body of his presentation is insulting Ulysses. This weakens Ajax’s argument, â€Å"Many amateur rhetors think of debate as an ‘us-versus-them’ sort of affair, and that the readers who disagree are the enemy whose inferior arguments must be ground into the dirt. Accordingly, they mistakenly believe that ridiculing or attacking these mistaken beliefs is the most effective way to ‘win’ the argument,† (Whe eler).The constant insults diminish in value in their numerous quantities. Ulysses is fortunate to present after Ajax. Ajax is at a disadvantage because of his eagerness to present first. This gives Ulysses a chance to gather his argument and also turn what Ajax says against him. Ulysses begins in a different manner. Ulysses sets the tone of somberness by recalling Achilles, â€Å"If things had gone as you and I had wished, o Greeks, we would hat ask who should succeed to this extraordinary weaponry; Achilles, you’d still have your arms, and we would still have you,† (Ovid 432).Ulysses uses epideictic rhetoric not to depreciate Ajax’s deeds, but to honor Achilles as one does at a funeral. Soon after Ulysses honors Achilles, he begins to strengthen his image through more epideictic rhetoric just as Ajax did. Ulysses draws upon his own lineage on page 433 claiming to be descendent of not only Jove but Mercury as well. He also minimizes Ajax’s lineage by cla iming that one of Ajax’s ancestors was an exiled criminal. Ulysses then moves on to say, â€Å"Just judge by deeds—and deeds alone . . . it’s only one’s worth that weighs,† (Ovid 433).Ulysses defeats Ajax’s argument about his kinship to Achilles, but then claims that the victor should be determined by his actions not his external goods. Aristotle, in Nicomachean Ethics, talks about the importance of external goods, but he says that the goods of the mind (deeds and actions) are more important. So Ulysses goes on to give a myriad of good deeds he has performed such as convincing Achilles to return to battle, going as an ambassador into Troy to try to negotiate the return of Helen, the plan for the Trojan horse, and inciting the warriors and Ajax with courage when they ere on the brink of retreat.As an entirety, Ajax is only able to spill insults and talk down about Ulysses, but Ulysses is able to combat all of Ajax’s insults and turn th em against him. Also going second plays into Ulysses’ favor because Ajax has no opportunity for rebuttal whereas Ulysses does. Therefore Ulysses is declared the victor of the argument and wins on the basis of his rhetorical skills. Ovid pays more respect to the battle between two rhetors than he does to two warriors clearly through the great detail he goes into in the discussion between Ulysses and Ajax.Instead of depicting great violent battle scenes, he depicts a great rhetoric argument between two individuals. Ovid briefly touches on the Trojan War itself, but takes great measure in illustrating the use of rhetoric in the discussion after the War.Bibliography Ovid, Metamorphoses Nordquist, Richard. About. com, â€Å"Rhetoric. † Accessed November 28, 2011. http://grammar. about. com/od/rs/g/rhetoricterm. htm. Wheeler, Dr. L. Kip. â€Å"Rhetoric. † Last modified September 26,2011. Accessed November 28, 2011. http://web. cn. edu/kwheeler/resource_rhet. html.

Why Are Farmers Markets So Popular

At farmers markets, local farmers, growers, and other food producers or vendors come together to sell their products directly to the public. What You Can Buy at a Farmers Market Typically, all products sold at a farmers market have been grown, reared, caught, brewed, pickled, canned, baked, dried, smoked or processed by the farmers and local vendors who are selling them. Farmers markets often feature local fruits and vegetables that are grown naturally or organically, meat from animals that are pasture-fed and raised humanely, handmade cheeses, eggs and poultry from free-range fowl, as well as heirloom produce and heritage breeds of animals and birds. Some farmers markets also feature non-food products such as fresh flowers, wool products, clothing and toys. The Benefits of Farmers Markets As the name implies, a farmers market offers small farmers the chance to market their produce, incubate their businesses, and supplement their income. Increasingly, however, farmers markets are also helping to create robust local economies and more vibrant communities, bringing buyers to long-neglected downtown areas and other traditional retail centers. You dont have to be a locavore to appreciate a good farmers market. Farmers markets not only offer consumers the opportunity to consume farm-fresh, locally grown food, they also provide the opportunity for producers and consumers to get to know each other on a personal level.   Farmers markets also facilitate making eco-conscious decisions. We know that some agricultural practices can lead to nutrient pollution or the use of damaging pesticides; farmers markets give us the opportunity to find out how farmers grow our food, and to make consumer decisions consistent with our values. In addition, the items we buy have not been trucked hundreds or even thousands of miles, nor have they been bred for shelf-life instead of for their taste or nutrient density.   Michael Pollan, in an essay he wrote for The New York Review of Books, noted the social and cultural influence of farmers markets: Farmers’ markets are thriving, more than five thousand strong, and there is a lot more going on in them than the exchange of money for food, Pollan wrote. Someone is collecting signatures on a petition. Someone else is playing music. Children are everywhere, sampling fresh produce, talking to farmers. Friends and acquaintances stop to chat. One sociologist calculated that people have ten times as many conversations at the farmers’ market than they do in the supermarket. Socially as well as sensually, the farmers’ market offers a remarkably rich and appealing environment. Someone buying food here may be acting not just as a consumer but also as a neighbor, a citizen, a parent, a cook. In many cities and towns, farmers’ markets have taken on (and not for the first time) the function of a lively new public square. To Find a Farmers Market Near You Between 1994 and 2013, the number of farmers markets in the United States more than quadrupled. Today, there are more than 8,000 farmers markets operating nationwide. To find the farmers markets near you, see How to Find Your Local Farmers Markets and follow one of the five easy tips. To choose a market when faced with multiple options, read the organizations mission and rules. An increasing number of markets only allows vendors within a specific radius, and others forbid the resale of produce bought elsewhere. These rules insure you buy truly local food grown by the person who sells them to you.